Nothing demonstrates the shallowness of the revival of Confucianism in China as the destruction of the country’s physical cultural heritage:

China’s rapid urbanization has devastated the country’s
architectural and cultural heritage sites, state news organizations
reported Monday.
      

“Senseless actions” by local officials in
their pursuit of renovation and modernization have “devastated” the
sites, Qiu Baoxing, the vice minister of construction, was quoted as
saying by the newspaper China Daily.

      The old is crushed under the rush to the new.  Money, of course, determines these outcomes, and that means that much of the "old" that is left is simply a reconstruction, a reinvention with little organic connection to the realities of the past, to suit the business demands of the present:

Even many so-called "heritage" schemes have a dubious value. The
popular Xintiandi area of Shanghai was flattened and rebuilt in an old
style — plus Starbucks, bars and boutiques. Such is its commercial
success that many other municipalities consider it a model for
"cultural renovation".

Tong Mingkang, deputy director of the
state administration of cultural heritage, said this faking of history
made the country poorer. "It is like tearing up an invaluable painting
and replacing it with a cheap print," he told the state media.

    A modern-day Confucian – that is, a serious Confucian, one willing to live the life proposed by Confucius, not simply mouth some platitudes – would have to be saddened by all this:

The Master said: "If you can revive the ancient and use it to understand the modern, then you’re worthy to be a teacher.
(Analects, 2.11)

     He obviously sees a certain value in preserving, not simply re-branding and re-marketing, the past.  One of the most common critiques of Confucianism, articulated most effectively by May 4th nationalists, is that it is backward-looking, it reveres the past so much that it makes living in a modern context all but impossible.  There may be some truth in that, especially when we consider the ways in which Confucianism had been institutionalized, and ossified, in imperial China.

     But I do not think the distinction between past and present has to be quite so stark for a modern Confucian.  Yes, the past should be respected and kept in mind but the purpose of doing so is to encourage moral behavior in the present.  We should "revive the ancient" not for the sake of the ancient, but to serve the present.  Ritual need not be mindlessly copied from the past, but creatively adapted to present circumstances:

      

The
Master said: “Ritual calls for caps of linen, but now everyone uses black
silk. It’s more frugal, so I follow the
common practice.

      “Ritual calls for bowing before ascending
the stairs, but now everyone bows only at the top of the stairs. That’s too presumptuous, so even though it
violates the common practice, I bow before ascending.”
(Analects, 9.3)

      The past is a reference, a starting point, but the construction of moral action in the present requires careful consideration of immediate circumstances and context.   That is impossible if the past has been plowed under, if all there is left is a flattened simulacrum devoid of cultural depth.  When that happens there is no starting point, only endless self-referential drift.  A continuous video loop of Paris Hilton declaring that she will no longer play the dumb blond as she plays the dumb blond.  And that is where China seems headed – rather like the US, and its determined ignorance of its own past.

Sam Crane Avatar

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4 responses to “Losing the Past”

  1. Chris Avatar
    Chris

    I found the oddest exemplification of this in Shanghai — even the old (well, as old as you can get in Shanghai) buildings or homes that haven’t been plowed over to make way for a new high rise are decorated around the edges by neon lighting.

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  2. Sam Crane Avatar

    Chris,
    How was the trip? Did traveling with your child work out ok?

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  3. Chris Avatar
    Chris

    Sam,
    The trip was great. China most certainly is an experience. Given my scholarship on Confucianism, I was pretty excited to go, but I was also eager to go just to break out of the “Euro-travel” mode. We went from Beijing to Jinan, then to Taishan to Qufu and then finally Shanghai and Suzhou. I was amazed by just how different the parts of eastern China are. Shanghai bears no resemblance to Beijing at all, and Taishan and Qufu seem very different from both. Like three different worlds.
    Parker (my daughter) was actually pretty amazing on the trip the whole way. She was quite the trooper. I wonder, though, if it helped that she was treated like the Queen of England everywhere she went. I think there must be at least a hundred Chinese photo albums with Parker pictures in them. No interest in me or my wife, just Parker. I mentioned to my wife that unless she becomes a celebrity, she’ll never get treated that way again!
    One thing that certainly struck me as a negative though — China simply must get a grip on their pollution problem. It’s amazing. I’d heard about it, but never imagined just how bad it was. I can only imagine how many people are becoming sick, or even dying, as a result of it.

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  4. The Imugi Avatar
    The Imugi

    “And that is where China seems headed – rather like the US, and its determined ignorance of its own past.”
    I think it was Edward Said who commented on the implicit irony in the American slang: “You’re history”. As becoming “history” is akin to being destroyed or forgotten!
    Your lament for China’s forgetfulness reminds me of a conversation I had with an American-born Ch’an Buddhist monk. He had just returned from a trip to China, and he was recounting how odd it felt instructing Chinese young adults about their own history!

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