Almost missed this little piece in yesterday’s NYT:

When coastal engineers decide whether to dredge sand and pump it onto
an eroded beach, they use mathematical models to predict how much sand
they will need, when and where they must apply it, the rate it will
move and how long the project will survive in the face of coastal
storms and erosion.

Orrin H. Pilkey, a coastal geologist and emeritus professor at
Duke, recommends another approach: just dredge up a lot of sand and
dump it on the beach willy-nilly. This “kamikaze engineering” might not
last very long, he says, but projects built according to models do not
usually last very long either, and at least his approach would not lull
anyone into false mathematical certitude.

Now Dr. Pilkey and his
daughter Linda Pilkey-Jarvis, a geologist in the Washington State
Department of Geology, have expanded this view into an overall attack
on the use of computer programs to model nature. Nature is too complex,
they say, and depends on too many processes that are poorly understood
or little monitored — whether the process is the feedback effects of
cloud cover on global warming or the movement of grains of sand on a beach.

 Their book is titled, Useless Arithmetic, perfect for The Useless Tree.  "Nature is too complex" – a line that could come directly from the Tao Te Ching or Chuang Tzu.  Their humility is refreshing.

    They are not playing into the rigth-wing war on science, which emanates from either religious fundamentalism or political ideology.  Rather, they are pointing out the limits of scientific thinking and proposing other observation-intensive methods for discerning natural patterns and processes.  Thus, they are not debunking the obvious reality of global warming; indeed, they believe that mathematical modelling may keep us from attending to other, more obvious indicators:

Two issues, the authors say, illustrate other problems with modeling.
One is climate change, in which, they say, experts’ justifiable caution
about model uncertainties can encourage them to ignore accumulating
evidence from the real world. The other is the movement of nuclear
waste through an underground storage site at Yucca Mountain in Nevada,
not because it has failed — it has yet to be built — but because they
say it is unreasonable to expect accurate predictions of what will
happen far into the future — in this extreme case, tens or even
hundreds of thousands of years from now.

 Large chunks of the polar ice cap falling into the sea should tip us off that the atmosphere is heating up.  (And, by the way, I blogged on the Yucca Mountain thing here).

    "If you give up learning, troubles end" the Tao Te Ching (20) says.  In this instance, that might mean give up the abstract models and theories and concepts that take on a life of their own and distract us from opening our eyes and apprehending the complex and vast world around us.   The authors of Useless Arithmetic do not want to reject modelling altogether (they are geologists, after all), but they do want to downgrade the importance of theoretical formulas and return to human senses:

So the authors offer some suggestions for using models better. We
could, for example, pay more attention to nature, monitoring our
streams, beaches, forests or fields to accumulate information on how
living things and their environments interact.

 Makes me think of the Tao-esque Walt Whitman:

When I heard the Learn’d Astronomer

When I heard the learn’d astronomer;
When the proofs, the figures, were ranged
   in columns before me;
When I was shown the charts and the diagrams, to
   add, divide, and measure them;
When I, sitting, heard the astronomer, where he lectured with much applause in the lecture-room,
How soon, unaccountable, I became tired and sick;
Till rising and gliding out, I wander’d off by myself,
In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time, Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.

Sam Crane Avatar

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6 responses to “Useless Arithmetic”

  1. ElisabethsMom Avatar
    ElisabethsMom

    “…exterminate ingenuity, discard profit, and there will be no more thieves and bandits…” (19)
    Both Chapter 19 and early 20 are detailed sensibilities of Taoist preference for using common sense in all matters. They observed too often Legalist’s court charlatans profiting from “ingenuity.”
    There are too many examples today to name where we see modern day “thieves” and “bandits” in law, science, education, and religion profiting from their own “ingenuities.”
    Ingenuity comes at a price, common sense is free?

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  2. Luis Andrade Avatar

    Ha! I know about dredging nonsense and bureaucratic idiocy (and that comes from the USACE)… How about having local beaches, badly needing replenishing sand, around a small commercial river and port in New Jersey, and having the dredged sand pumped some 25 miles up north on the Delaware River? We are talking about laying 25 miles of big rubber pipes at a cost at least four times what it would cost to pump it to local beaches from the main navigation channel…
    As for mathematical chaos theories and modeling, well…, I can imagine that little butterfly, the one that is dreaming us all, laughing its little antennae off. 🙂
    L

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  3. The Western Confucian Avatar

    In his book Why Religion Matters, Huston Smith quotes a mathematician as saying that human beings are beyond the “complexity horizon.”

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  4. The Western Confucian Avatar

    I’m also reminded of the first installment of director Krsysztof Kieslowski’s made-for-TV series “Dekalog.”
    In it, a rationlist father uses official temperature readings over a series of winter nights to calculate that the ice will be thick enough for his young son to safely skate on a nearby pond. The father, lulled into false mathematical certitude, sends his son off to skate unaccompanied…

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  5. Hannah Avatar

    The tiny island semi-attached to the one we live on supports the “kamikaze” theory of sand-dumping. It’s privately owned, completely undeveloped, and an important nesting ground for several species of shore and sea birds. The owner appears to judge when it needs to have sand dumped on it based mostly on when he can find sand from a clean dredge site. The island apparently has been maintaining status-quo for about 20 years now.

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  6. Dave of the Coonties Avatar
    Dave of the Coonties

    I’ve admired Orrin Pilkey for many years, and he has many followers and collaborators.
    When I saw the NY Times story on his book (and followed it up with information at Columbia University Press), I snuck back to the office after hours despite the nasty cold that had left me at home to write what I intended to be a very subtly-worded email to my supervisor noting, a bit indirectly, that the book could be a hit with the “war on science” folks.
    I work for the US Department of the Interior, currently on restoration of the Everglades, something that requires a lot of ecological modeling. Fortunately, water behaves reasonably predictably, and hydrologic models seem likely to be accepted. Trying to guess what changes in hydrology will do to Cape Sable seaside sparrows (a big issue) or tree islands is considerably more difficult, even though quite a lot is now known about the sparrows’ nesting requirements.
    Anyway, I need to buy the book.

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